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PROCESO CONSTRUCTIVO DE UNA ZAPATA PASO A PASO [PDF] —> GRATIS – IDEAS BRILLANTES

PROCESO CONSTRUCTIVO DE UNA ZAPATA PASO A PASO [PDF] —> GRATIS


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PROCESO CONSTRUCTIVO DE UNA ZAPATA

ZAPATAS CONECTADAS.-

Una zapata conectada está constituida por una zapata excéntrica y una zapata interior unida por una viga de conexión rígida, que permite controlar la rotación de la zapata excéntrica correspondiente a la columna perimetral.

Estructuralmente se tienen dos zapatas aisladas, siendo una de ellas excéntrica, la que está en el límite de propiedad y diseñada bajo la condición de presión uniforme del terreno; el momento de flexión debido a que  la carga de la columna y la resultante de las presiones del terreno no coinciden, es resistido por una viga de conexión rígida que unen las dos columnas que conforman la zapata conectada.

La viga de conexión debe ser muy rígida para que sea compatible con el modelo estructural supuesto. La única complicación es la interacción entre el suelo y el fondo de la viga. Algunos autores recomiendan que la viga no se apoye en el terreno, o que se apoye de manera que solo resista su peso propio.

Usos.- Es utilizada cuando la columna está ubicada en el límite de propiedad y el uso de zapatas excéntricas sometidas a presiones elevadas, debido a la distribución triangular que se produce al considerar la excentricidad de la carga actuante, no es segura ni económica.

Consideraciones.-

No se toma en cuenta el peso de la viga y su influencia en el cortante y el momento.

La presión del terreno no se está considerando uniformemente repartida en toda la zapata, sino como una reacción concentrada en el eje de la zapata.

La rigidez al giro de la zapata interior se desprecia y se considera como si la viga estuviera articulada en ese extremo.

La viga de conexión es muy rígida de manera que ella absorbe el íntegro del momento existente en las columnas.

Dimensionamiento.- 

El dimensionamiento de las zapatas conectadas es equivalente al de dos zapatas aisladas, que tienen las siguientes particularidades.

La zapata excéntrica se dimensionará con voladizos diferentes de manera que en la dirección de la viga su dimensión sea menor que en la dirección transversal, para disminuir la excentricidad.

Es recomendable que la viga tenga un ancho igual o mayor al ancho de la columna y un peralte que le permita tener buena rigidez.

El fondo de la viga debe estar a 10 o 20 cm. por encima del fondo de la zapata con la finalidad de que no tome presiones del terreno.

El diseño se realiza en forma similar al de zapatas aisladas y la viga de conexión similar a una viga simple sometida a esfuerzos de flexión y cortante.

Zapata Exterior.-

La zapata exterior transfiere su carga a la viga de conexión, actuando la zapata como una losa en voladizo e ambos lados de la viga de conexión. Se recomienda dimensionarla en planta considerando una dimensión transversal igual a 1.5 a 2.0 veces la dimensión en la dirección de la excentricidad.

Zapata Interior.-

Se diseña como una zapata aislada. Puede considerarse la reacción de la viga de conexión. En el diseño de cortante por punzonamiento se considera la influencia de la viga de conexión en la determinación de la zona crítica.

DESCARGA AQUI: EXCEL CALCULO Y CONSTRUCCION DE ZAPATAS 

DESCARGA AQUI: ZAPATAS

DESCARGA AQUI: CIMENTACIONES

18 comments

  1. Excelentes manuales mi felicitación y agradecimientos

  2. No me aparece ningun lick de descarga

  3. Es muy importante saberla forma básica estructural de como se distinguen las zapatas. Gracias por aprender un poco mas

  4. César Osorio Sánchez

    Exelente datos de la construcción, para actualizar,muy importante

  5. Soy tenico en construccion de edificaciones
    Me gustaria saber mas del tema

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